Home > Published Issues > 2025 > Volume 11, Number 3, 2025 >
IJLT 2025 Vol.11(3): 154-158
doi: 10.18178/ijlt.11.3.154-158

Holt-Winters Additive Model to Forecasting Academic Performance: A Case of Middle School

Axel Zevallos-Aquije 1,*, Alvaro Maravi-Cardenas 1, Rosa Alejandra Salas-Bolaños 1, and
Anneliese Zevallos-Aquije 2
1. Research Department, César Vallejo University, Lima, Peru
2. Research Department, Ricardo Palma University, Lima, Peru
Email: azevallosa@ucv.edu.pe (A.Z.-A.); alvaro.201095@gmail.com (A.M.-C.); rosasalasbolanos@gmail.com (R.A.S.-B.); 202311523@urp.edu.pe (A.Z.-A.)
*Corresponding author

Manuscript received October 8, 2024; accepted January 24, 2025; published June 18, 2025.

Abstract—In Peru, it has been observed that the academic performance of school students is concerning, with many cases falling below the average of OECD countries. These figures become even more alarming upon closer inspection: about 66% of Peruvian students perform poorly in math, and approximately 50% face similar challenges in reading. Several studies have applied forecasting techniques in the educational field aimed at improving academic performance, ranging from artificial neural networks to machine learning models focused on linear regression. The Holt-Winters Additive model has also proven to be a highly accurate forecasting tool. In the present research, two tests (Math forecast score and Language forecast score) were conducted to predict grades in the 6th grade section of a private school. Additionally, a residual analysis was performed to validate the robustness of the forecasting model. The forecast results showed experimental errors of 3.60% for Math and 4.65% for Language. In both cases, the residuals were very robust, providing reliability to the applied model. The application of this statistical model in the field of education can be considered to optimally manage resources in advance, thereby addressing academic performance issues in schoolchildren. 

Keywords—academic performance, school students, Holt-Winters Additive, forecast, residual analysis

Cite: Axel Zevallos-Aquije, Alvaro Maravi-Cardenas, Rosa Alejandra Salas-Bolaños, and Anneliese Zevallos-Aquije, "Holt-Winters Additive Model to Forecasting Academic Performance: A Case of Middle School," International Journal of Learning and Teaching, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 154-158, 2025.

Copyright © 2025 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).